How to perform unit testing on proposed patches in Trac?

I was looking for some insight and good resources on how to correctly perform unit testing on proposed WordPress patches in the Trac and how to accurately report the results from the testing. I’m new to this and have read through the resources located in this WPSE question.

I myself would really like to learn how to do this and do so with a real-world bug, like this Trac ticket #5809. I guess after reading through the resources in the previously mentioned WPSE question my short coming is that I do not understand how I would setup the proposed testing for the proposed patch.

Update: I’m still searching for resources and currently watching this video on WordPress unit-testing.