Explanation on WordPress’ rewrite rules

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I found these rewrite rules in the .htaccess of my WordPress site: 

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

I know that this basically refers everything to index.php. But how does it work? What rule does what?

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  1. I found some reference here: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html

    RewriteEngine On enables the rewrite module.

    RewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L] makes sure that if index.php is called, no other rules are executed. The - is to make sure no rewrite will occur, and the [L] flag indicates that no other rules should be executed.

    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f adds a condition to the following rewrite rule. This condition says that the requested filename is not (!) an existing file.

    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d is the same, but for an existing directory.

    RewriteRule . /index.php [L] says that everything (.) should be rewritten to /index.php, and that this is the last rule to execute ([L]).